这篇笔记摘选自张满胜老师的《英语语法新思维中级教程通悟语法第2版》，以及其他网上知识点收集，只是我自己的个人复习笔记，禁止转载，如有侵权，请联系我删除。
1） Your eyes are red. You’ve been crying, haven’t you?
2） Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying.
在例句1）中，由are可以知道，这里说话语境的时间是现在，所以后面用现在完成进行时have been crying来表达一个在“现在”说话时刻之前在延续的事件，即“现在刚刚”结束的事件，
在例句2）中，由were可以知道，这里说话语境的时间是过去，此时要表达一个在“过去”说话时刻之前在延续的事件，即“过去刚刚”结束的事件就要用过去完成进行时had been crying。
1）你的眼睛红红的，你刚才一直在哭吧?
2）她的眼睛当时红红的，很明显，她之前一直在哭。
过去时刻在延续的事件
过去完成进行时表示开始于过去某个时刻之前的动作持续到过去这一时刻，并继续持续下去。
When I arrived in Inner Mongolia, it had been snowing for half a month.
这里的arrived确立了过去的坐标时间，然后谈论在此之前发生的一个延续活动“下雪”，所以用过去完成进行时had been snowing。
那次在我到内蒙古之前，雪已经下了整整半个月了。
图示如下：
类似于现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时的延续事件同样包括长期延续、近期延续、说话时刻在延续以及在说话时刻之前在延续的事件。
过去的长期延续事件
The police had been looking for the murderer for two years before they caught him.
警察抓住这个杀人犯之前，已经找了他两年了。
I had been looking for jobs for nearly half a year before I finally got a position in this dot-com company.
我找工作找了将近半年，最后得到了一家网络公司的聘用。
过去的近期延续事件
He looked so tired. I knew he had been studying for the final exams.
他当时看起来很累，我知道他一直在忙着准备期末考试。
过去说话时刻在延续的事件
He told me he had been hunting for a room since noon but with no success.
他告诉我，他从中午开始就在找住处，但一直没找到。
The plane, which had been waiting on the runway for hours, finally got clearance for taking off.
飞机已经在跑道上等了几个小时了，终于获准起飞。
过去刚刚在延续的事件
Mary’s eyes were red. She had been crying.
当时玛丽的眼睛红红的，她刚刚哭过。
My face was hot and red because I had been lying in the sun.
当时我的脸又红又热，因为我刚刚一直在躺着晒太阳。
在过去时刻重复发生的事件
I had been trying to get her on the phone. Finally she gave me a call.
我当时一直试着打电话找她，最后她给我回了个电话。同样，这里的重复动作不能说出具体的次数。例如不能这样说：
I had been trying five times to get her on the phone. Finally she gave me a call. *
要表示具体次数，须改为过去完成时：
I had tried five times to get her on the phone before she finally gave me a call.
我曾打了五次电话去找她，最后她终于给我回了电话。